In this research we started from paradigm, that activated rural tourism resources can significantly stimulate the overall development of the local communities. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of local authorities in the activation of rural tourism resources in spaces of 13 communities in the gravitational area of Novi Sad-capital of Vojvodina (Serbia). The research was conducted using interviews, with 52 respondents-local authority. According to the survey, in the studied area, there are: 23 natural rural tourism resources, of which 76.92% are not touristically activated and 44 anthropogenic rural tourism resources, of which 66.66 % are not touristically activated. Applying analytical and synthetic methods we concluded that the main causes of low level tourist activated rural resources are what local authorities do not know the value of rural tourism resources in their local community and show no interest for them. This has the consequence that rural tourism resources are tourism potential, but is not tourism attractions.
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Autonomy of national apex banks has been one of the major strategies of sustaining the hegemony of neoliberalism on global and national economies.
The recent and ongoing crises within neoliberal-capitalism (2007-present) has been raised to visibility issues in the nexus of national apex banking (autonomy, interests, structure, operation, form, among others) as means of improving macro-economic stability and sustaining national socio-economic growth and development. Irrespective of prolonged mismanagement of the national economy and the presentation of conspicuous macro-economic instability, among other socio-economic challenges, there is a gap in information and knowledge regarding the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)‟s role in responding to these challenges. Here, we review critical literature on adverse consequences of global apex banking autonomy on sustainable development generally –including impacts on vulnerable populations excluded by the elite from sustainable development processes and platforms. Then we examine recent public discourses concerning Nigeria‟s apex bank‟s autonomy by various stakeholders including: recent attempts by Nigeria‟s federal legislators to strip the CBN of its autonomy; responses by the ruling and major political parties and the CBN‟s leadership, among others. Afterwards we examine the track-records of the CBN macro-economic management and of Nigeria‟s federal legislature in contributing towards Nigeria‟s socio-economic development in Nigeria‟s Fourth Republic (1999-2012/present). We find that Nigeria‟s federal legislation aimed at stripping the CBN of its autonomy is a reprisal against the CBN‟s recent criticism of the rather disproportionately large budgetary allocation to and expenditure on recurrent expenditure on the salaries and allowances of the National Assembly thereby neglecting and downplaying capital expenditure on development programmes/projects. The implications of this findings for policy is that while the CBN‟s leadership is not without blemish, the autonomy of Nigeria‟s apex bank must be sustained considering the trend of pervasive corruption and mismanagement in the executive, legislative and judicial arms of Nigeria‟s Fourth Republic dominated by the ruling Peoples‟ Democratic Party.
Nina CHENKOVA
Abstract: The paper presents the results of investigation of the 24-hour maximum precipitation in the region of North-Eastern Bulgaria by applying the relative criterion of Fukui. According to this criterion, 24-hour precipitation equal to or exceeding 10% of the yearly rainfall amount is “extraordinarily heavy rainfall” and this rainfall has significant effects on river flow, soil, natural and agriculture vegetation. The criterion was applied to 24 stations from the National meteorological network during the period 1992-2008. The territorial and temporal distribution of 24-hour maximum precipitation and their impact on the natural complex and the society are analyzed.
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Stela DERMENDJIEVA, Helena PINA, Slavi DIMITROV
Abstract: The Danube and the Douro rivers are geographic objects of international importance as a result of their direct influence on the territories surrounding them. The present article attempts to make a geographic parallel on the importance of both rivers in their respective geographic locations – Southwest Europe and Southeast Europe. It explores the influence of Douro River on Northern Portugal and the Atlantic, as well as the history of the Eastern-European people who resided alongside the Danube River. Moreover, it also examines the future of the lands they occupy.
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Nelly HRISTOVA
Abstract: The present paper discusses the division of some sub-basins in the Danube River Basin Directorate. It proposes the division of the main river basin the Ogosta and the rivers
west of the Ogosta and the unification of the catchment of the Erma and the Nishava River in a major river basin. This suggestion is based on the similarity of natural features, hydrographic and hydrological parameters and typification of water bodies according to UE Water Framework Directive. The result will be a better water management in these river basins.
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Svetislav SOSKIC, Jovica CURCIC
Abstract: Regarding the influence of the Danube hydrological features on navigation, primarily flow rate and water level, is great. They directly work on speed, latitude and depth of the waterway. We considered and handled with statistic data provided by the hydrological stations Bezdan, Novi Sad and Smederevo from 1985 to 2004.
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Sergey M. GOVORUSHKO
Abstract: Cryogenic processes are quite numerous, but among them the most significant, from the viewpoint of influence on human activities, we mention frost swelling, thermokarst
processes, thermal abrasion, thermal erosion, cryogenic cracking, and solifluction. Frost heaving represents a danger for motor roads, railroads and airfields, communication and transmission lines, bridges, and other structures. Thermokarst endangers the safety, stability, and normal operation of structures. Thermoabrasion affects industrial and civil site development, water transport, pipeline transport, mineral resource industry, hydropower engineering, and agriculture. Frost cracking constitutes a certain danger for the following engineering structures: motor roads (roadways may go over the discontinuity); residential and industrial buildings (breakage of continuous footings, cracks in the walls); airfields (damage to airfield pavements); pipelines (deformations and even breaks of underground steel pipelines); underground communication cables. The influences of fast and slow solifluction are the most urgent for the following kinds of human activity: mineral resource industry; transport (motor, rail, pipeline); and industrial and civil engineering. Thus, the present paper aims at rendering the global dimension of these processes stressing their consequences worldwide.
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Svetla STANKOVA
Abstract: The present paper renders the results of a geomorphology research performed in North-Eastern Bulgaria. It focusses on the geomorphology and the main stages of evolution of the Beli Lom River. On the base of field research, geology and geophysics research, detailed analysis of the specialized literature, it is concluded that the formation of this impressing relict erosion relief can be explained only with the factor-geology time. It formed long before the limits of the Quaternary. The aim of the present paper is to draw scientists’ attention on the issues regarding the Pleistocene – Holocene paleoclimatic conditions and relief in North – East Bulgaria and South – East Romania so to clarify its evolution.
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Ionel BOAMFA
Abstract: Shepherding is an ancient activity, with a great economic importance. The importance of this activity in the area inhabited by the Romanians, both in the past and nowadays, is highlighted by the large number of terms that have created anthroponomy. The spatial extension of these names goes far beyond the current Romanian living space, both south and north of the Danube. The most frequent names derived from baci, cioban and mocan.
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Anca CEAUSESCU
Abstract: The analysed geographic region knew an uninterrupted autochthon dwelling, starting with the Neolithic era and until nowadays. The numeric evolution of the rural population from this region, beginning with the 19th century, was similar to that from the national level. After a continuous ascendant evolution until 1956, when it was reached the maximum value (155,992 dwellers), the numeric dynamic of the population followed a descendant curve. The analysis of the demographic indicators (1977-2006) evidences the next situation: decreasing birth rate, increasing mortality rate and migration, the installation of a slow but continuous process of demographic aging, higher share of the feminine gender population, the growing demographic and economic dependence ratio, the lowering of the population’s activity rate.
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Jaya NATYAVIDUSHI
Abstract: Communication is the transfer of information and ideas during the interaction between people. It is of two types: verbal and non- verbal, body or gestural. Gestural, body or non-verbal communication is as rich and complex as any language and organizes elementary and meaningless units into meaningful units. The gesture theory states that vocal human language developed from a gestural language. On the other hand, it is visual and exploits the unique features of the visual and performing media. This is considered as universal language. Cultural assimilation leads to multiculturalism. Multiculturalism is the appreciation, accepting, promotion of multiple ethics applied at the organization level in multicultural society. The need for effective multicultural communication is more prevalent in today’s world as countries do more business globally and borders are disappearing. Here gestural language plays a vital role in establishing relationship where people have no language in common. As this language is universally accepted and understood, serves as the main channel of communication in multicultural society. Body language is broad term for gestural language, which includes gestures, facial expression, eye movements, posture, body movements and the use of time and space. This Para language including body or gestural language serves as main factors in multicultural communication. Recognizing the importance of body or gestural language in communication, our ancient preceptors evolved, codified and propagated each body movements for effective communication. Natyashasthra2, which is the earliest text in this direction authored by Sage Bharathamuni, discusses the gestural language in detail. Analyzing the importance of traditional gestural language, Identifying its relevance in changing human values and creating modified version of the same for adopting in multicultural communication – are the main aims of this paper.
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Guntis ŠOLKS, Ádám NÉMETH
Abstract: The aim of this research is to evaluate the implication of the credit crash for urban regeneration in Riga. Examples of project development in urban brownfields and the implication of the economic downturn on them are analyzed in this study. GDP increment rate of Latvia was the highest among the European Union member states during the rapid growth of economy. It was mostly determined by rapid development of the construction and real estate sectors. High demand for dwellings caused one of the highest rates of price rise for real estate properties in the world. As a reaction to rapid increase in demand, development of real estate projects increased as well. Significant number of them was developed in Riga – the most important economic centre in Latvia and the biggest city in the Baltic states. Riga as a post-industrial city has significant proportion of brownfields, which are used ineffectively. The structures of these former industrial territories were formed mostly at the end of the 19th century and during the Soviet occupation period. Nowadays they are undergoing regeneration in order to construct new dwellings and commercial premises, because an advantage of these territories is their location close to the city centre. Latvia has experienced a rapid economic downturn, which has affected all economic sectors in Latvia negatively. Banking sector has faced problems as well, resulting in unavailability of the credits. Overproduction of dwellings and decreasing purchasing ability has caused the highest rate of price decrease in the world. It has resulted in rapid decline in construction sector, and the regeneration of brownfields in Riga is affected negatively, too. Several regeneration projects are suspended, but some have not been started. Many companies have faced bankruptcy, but, despite unfavorable economic conditions, some urban regeneration projects are in progress because of the decreasing implementation costs.
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Abstract: In this material, it is made a territorial analysis of the Romanian tourists visiting the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, but the trends and preferences of the Romanian tourists, too. We have also ranged municipalities according to the number of visits by foreign tourists and gave specific conclusions and recommendations. In order to accomplish the objectives of the paper, we have read the latest trends regarding the presence of Romanian tourists on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast and used the currently available statistics from the National Statistics Institute. There have been outlined distinct territorial imbalances in the preferences of the Romanian tourists, but still, it is obvious that they found their place among all nationalities of the tourists visiting the coast.
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Daniel RUMENOV
Abstract: Shumen county is a traditional region for wine industry in Bulgaria. The most popular wineries are situated in the villages of Osmar and Khan Krum. The purpose of the report is to show the possibilities of developing this kind of tourism together with the wine industry. The author also suggests an itinerary for wine tourism that could affect the development of this segment.
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Alina VLĂDUŢ, Sorin AVRAM, Liliana POPESCU
Abstract: Oltenia Region has a varied natural landscape displaying all major landforms. The classical tourist offer can be thus completed by introducing the spatial evolution of the territory, by describing the mechanisms of the processes that influenced the placement and further development of different settlements or sites. In this way, tourism acquires, besides a temporal dimension, which used to be prevailing, a spatial dimension, as well, that represents the present tendency in evaluating all the activities by means of eco-compatibility. By integrating these two dimensions in the offer, there can be better evaluated the carrying capacity of the region, the tourist offer leading to the maximization of the tourist activity without surpassing the sustainability limit.
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Rasvan STROE
Abstract: The work La Valachie belongs to Emm. de Martonne’s early period, the author being the most prestigious geographer at global level in the first half of the 20th century. The book represents a synthetic treatise on a part of Romania, to which, besides the data supplied by Romanian naturalists, the most important contribution is offered by the author himself through his direct field research, choosing and valorising the itineraries that were the most promising from the scientific viewpoint. At present, this work presents geographical and historical relevance at the same time. If the chapters on population and economy can help exploring the realities corresponding to more than a century ago, the physical geography part opened the road and the research directions for the generations of Romanian geographers of the last century. The French scholar is the first geographer to realize modern scientific studies in Romania and, directly knowing the Romanian space, he will proceed to the first division on regions of the southern Romanian relief, which is mostly admitted by the later researches. This article realises a review in a time arch with an opening of more than one hundred years, aiming to catch de Martonne’s influences on the evolution of the Romanian geography, with a special view on geomorphology, the final regional table emphasizing the present limits and denominations of the relief units and subunits, where most of the registrations of the great French geographer are confirmed.
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Ion MARINICA, Victor Viorel VATAMANU, Elena MATEESCU, Andreea Floriana MARINICA
Abstract: During the spring and summer of 2010, climatic evolutions were atypical. Following a severe 2009-2010 winter, the spring was cold and excessively rainy until March, normal from the pluviometric point of view in April and very rainy in May. The weather was cold in June, cool in July and it became normal in thermal terms in the last summer month, August, registering an upward average trend during both seasons. The cold weather started in the first part of the autumn of 2009, being a characteristic of the entire period. The rainfall regime registered higher values than the normal in June (very rainy), it was normal in July and less rainy in August. The combination between the thermal and pluviometric regimes during the analysed period led to the development of a real agroclimatic risk situation, as emphasized in the present paper. This analysis is useful for climatologists and agroclimatologists, emphasizing unusual aspects of the Oltenia climate.
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George Laurentiu MERCIU
Abstract: The main purpose of the study is to analyze the variability of certain bioclimatic indicators (the Winter Scharlau Index, the Summer Scharlau index, the Relative Strain Index-RSI, the Wind Chill index) in order to identify the degree of comfort felt by tourists in the white dominant area on the northern side of the Parâng Mountains. The necessity for this study is apparent in the context of the development of mountain tourism and that of winter sports tourism in the Parâng mountain resort in particular. The relevance of the results is also due to the analysis of the climatic parameters (temperature, relative humidity, wind) at two different moments in time during the tourist seasons (winter and summer). The Parâng Mountains feature a large area that favors skiing, which accounted for the tourist refurbishment of the white dominant area in the northern sector as early as 1960-1970. The typical features of the natural landscape and tourist accommodation facilities created in the Parâng mountain resort justify the heavy inflow of tourists from numerous regions in Romania in wintertime..
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Mihaela LICURICI
Abstract: The floodplain sector under analysis is located in the south-western extreme part of Romania, covering a distance of about 260 kilometres between the towns of Drobeta Turnu-Severin (westwards) and Bechet (eastwards) and extending on variable breadths, from a few tens of meters to more than 14 kilometres (with greater extension near the settlements of Ciuperceni and Cârna). In the framework of its strategic and economic importance, of the food sources offered by the Danube floodplain and ponds, the human interventions within this unit were diverse and affected the balance and the metabolism of the natural ecosystems. In numerous cases, this type of intervention, under its multiple forms, led to irreversible changes of the environmental features. The present paper aims at analysing the theoretical and actual conservation status of the most important flora, fauna and habitat elements that are characteristic to the Danubian environment, as well as presenting some examples of good practices or financing sources that might contribute to the improvement of this approach in the prospect of the region’s sustainable development. The SWOT analysis allowed for a general, synthetic assessment of the quality of the environmental sub-systems within the Danube Floodplain sector under analysis and of their development possibilities in concordance with the sustainability principles.
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Oana IONUS
Abstract: The present paper aims at determining the water quality on the Motru river and at establishing its usage domains as water resource. The method consists in the computation of the Water Quality Index on the basis of the physical-chemical and biological quality parameters that were registered at the monitoring stations placed on the Motru river (Cloşani, Broşteni, and Faţa Motrului). This index was computed for a long time interval (2000 – 2009) and it specifies the appropriate usage category, but it can also reveal the changes occurred at the level of the aquatic ecosystem. The novelty brought to the flowing water quality management consists in the underlining of the value of this index as potential indicator of the ecological state of the rivers.
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Alina CONSTANTIN
Abstract: The paper aims at analyzing the draught effects on the agriculture in Teleorman county. The draught phenomenon was registered quite frequently during the last years in Teleorman county, triggering a series of negative effects on agriculture, such as considerable diminution of main agricultural crops production and decrease of the income of the big agricultural producers.
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Florentina-Cristina MERCIU (IANCU), Ilinca-Valentina STOICA
Abstract: This paper is focused on the study of professional morbidity caused by risk factors from the mining sector in the Petroşani Depression but also on analysing its influence on the quality of the workforce. Professional diseases generated in the coal-extraction industry, belonging to the category of degenerative diseases, profoundly affect the miners’ state of health, who still form a high proportion of the active population (40%). In this context, it is necessary to correctly identify the professional risks and to take measures to limit them, as well as to initiate actions to diagnose and to treat people ill with silicosis. At the same time, the high incidence of professional disease cases also impose a series of changes in the profile and distribution of the workforce.
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Ilinca-Valentina STOICA, Florentina-Cristina MERCIU (IANCU), Andreea-Loreta CERCLEUX (CEPOIU)
Abstract: The age group structure of the population in the Sărăţel drainage basin was highlighted by means of an analysis of the three big age groups: 0-14 years, 15-64 years and 65 years and older. It revealed a gradual rise in the ratio of the elderly population, the main cause being the migration of the population during the communist period, which strongly disrupted the demographic evolution of the area analyzed. The population pyramid for 2002 highlights a clear difference between the southern part of the basin (the villages of Joseni, Policiori and Scorţoasa) and the northern part (villages of Creveleşti, Ghiocari and Budeşti), suffering from strong depopulation. The sex ratio highlights a trend towards a feminization of the area, as a result of social and historic events to have influenced these settlements in the long run.
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Mohamed ANIS
Abstract: Le but de cet article est de présenter certains éléments de l’habitat insalubre au Maroc à la fin du XX-ème siècle. Pour cerner l’habitat insalubre au Maroc dans toute sa complexité, une approche approffondie de sa problématique, de son contenu et des aspects qu’il revêt dans les différents tissus urbains s’avère indispensable; j’analyse ensuite les mécanismes de formation et de développement de ce type d’habitat; enfin, j’évalue les principales formes d’intervention publique (collectivités locales et opérateurs publics spécialisés) dans ce domaine.
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Cristina SOSEA (MARA)
Abstract: The importance of this study resides in revealing the geographical, historical and cultural conditions in which Craiova municipality extended its territory, but also the level of development that generated it. The process of territorial extension signified the change in the relations between the city and its contiguous territory, especially during the last hundred years, emphasizing an urban reality full of discrepancies, the consequence of the stochastic way in which the urban dynamics took place towards the periphery.
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Hajnalka GATAI
Abstract: The Andean region of South-America has been the cradle of big cultures and empires, up to the Inka empire as the last and biggest one, a synthesis of all the previous states of the region for more thousand years. A comparative essay of the pre-Inka imperial centres like Wari, Tiahunaco and Chan Chan, furthermore, Inka urbanization as the legendary lost city of Machu Picchu and the capital Cusco, with the new cities of Spanish foundation like Lima or the same Cusco, transformed into a Spanish colonial centre, can give a chronological view about the development of the urbanization in this region. A chapter apart presents special urbanizations like mining towns and ports. The study intends to depict the structure, the districts, the architectural style and the technical innovations of all these cities as well as the actual situation and the problems Lima must solve, a city that grew into a metropolis of the 21st century. In the end, some short reflections to remember the rural zone’s story and actual difficulties in the Andean countries are given.
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Nada VIDIC
Abstract: Sremski Karlovci is an ancient town, a spiritual polis, situated in Serbia (Vojvodina). The town has a favourable geographical position for tourism. It is located along the Corridor X, 6 kilometres from Novi Sad, the capital city of Vojvodina, on the national road to Belgrade. Sremski Karlovci is located on the right bank of the Danube river, on the north-eastern slopes of the Fruška Gora Mountain. It has been declared a municipal town, the only one in the country, with 8,839 inhabitants. The main tourist resources of the town – the pillars of tourism are represented by the cultural heritage and nature (the Danube river and the Fruška Gora Mountain). Sremski Karlovci is a tourist resort with a potential that has not been used substantially. This paper will try to outline the possible ways for the development of tourism in this town.
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Mihaela OGLINDOIU
Abstract: The Bălăciţa Piedmont can not brag itself with spectacular landscapes, neither with spas, but just with a few historical sights, some oases of silence and food made in traditional Oltenian style. A close exploration of every inhabited part of the region under study shows the lack of interest of the local authorities in developing the region. It can be said that, in the studied region, in time, if the transportation infrastructure is restored, if more money is invested in sights, agritourism and ecotourism will be practicable.
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Mihai IELENICZ
Abstract: The paper presents some thoughts that came to our mind when reading the presentation of Professor Tufescu from 1942, which defined him not only as a geographer, but as an exquisite realistic analyst. His intervention stands out as a pragmatic synthesis of Romania’s social and economic situation, during the second world war. The Professor envisaged realistic directions for the evolution of the continent’s peoples and not only. We aim at presenting only some of these ideas, demonstrated for some economic functions, which proved to be quite accurate in the following years.
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Ştefan NEGREANU, Alina VLĂDUŢ, Sorin AVRAM
Abstract: In the sedimentary domain, clays represent about half of the detritic rocks in terms of frequency. Clasts with the diameters smaller than 2 or 4μm, according to the used scale, clays, also called pelitic rocks, have to contain as deposits more than 60% clay minerals of the entire petrographic assembly in order to be categorized as clay rocks. Sediments (the primary material) on the base of which they form after the occurrence of diagenetic processes (porosity reduction, cementation of clasts, dissolving of certain minerals and precipitation of others etc.) are known as muds. The type of clay minerals, their morphology, as well as the morphology of the deposits they belong to, the presence and proportion of different chemical elements characteristic to certain well-established depositing environments, gives us clues about the origin of the primary material and about the transformations, it underwent from the initial depositing stage to the moment the sample is taken.